{"id":422,"date":"2020-04-06T14:30:16","date_gmt":"2020-04-06T12:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/?page_id=422"},"modified":"2020-04-06T15:21:03","modified_gmt":"2020-04-06T13:21:03","slug":"1-co-je-to-ios-a-ako-pracuje","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/ccna\/cisco-ios\/1-co-je-to-ios-a-ako-pracuje\/","title":{"rendered":"1. \u010co je to IOS a ako pracuje"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>IOS<\/strong>\u00a0je skratka pre\u00a0<strong><em>Cisco &#8218;s Internetwork Operating System<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0, \u010do je opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edva v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina\u00a0<strong><em>Switchov<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<strong><em>Routerov<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0firmy\u00a0<strong>Cisco<\/strong>\u00a0(\u010falej budem hovori\u0165 o switchoch, ale v\u0161eobecne je v\u017edy mo\u017en\u00e9 uva\u017eova\u0165 aj o routeroch).\u00a0Cel\u00fd\u00a0<strong>IOS<\/strong>\u00a0je ulo\u017een\u00fd v jednom image s\u00fabore s pr\u00edponou\u00a0<em>bin<\/em>\u00a0a v aktu\u00e1lnych switchoch m\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 okolo 5 MB.\u00a0Vo\u00a0\u00a0<strong><em>flash<\/em><\/strong> pam\u00e4ti switcha m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 e\u0161te ulo\u017een\u00e9 webov\u00e9 rozhranie, ktor\u00e9 b\u00fdva v prie\u010dinku HTML.<\/p>\n<p>IOS je prepracovan\u00fd a na mieru vykonan\u00fd syst\u00e9m.\u00a0Pon\u00faka ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo mo\u017enost\u00ed pre konfigur\u00e1ciu, a ak vieme, \u010do chceme konfigurova\u0165, nie je to u\u017e pr\u00edli\u0161 zlo\u017eit\u00e9.\u00a0Obsluha IOSu je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na\u00a0<strong><abbr title=\"Command Line Interface\">CLI<\/abbr><\/strong>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<strong><em>Command Line Interface<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0, teda na pr\u00edkazovom riadku.<\/p>\n<p>Pre spr\u00e1vne pou\u017e\u00edvanie \/ konfigur\u00e1ciu switcha je nutn\u00e9 sa orientova\u0165 v r\u00f4znych pam\u00e4tiach, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa a vedie\u0165 ako s nimi switch pracuje. Typy pam\u00e4t\u00ed s\u00fa pop\u00edsan\u00e9 v \u010fal\u0161ej kapitole.\u00a0D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd je tie\u017e postup, ak\u00fdm prebieha \u0161tartovanie switcha:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zapoj\u00edme nap\u00e1janie do switcha<\/li>\n<li>spust\u00ed sa\u00a0<em><strong>mikrok\u00f3d<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0z ROM pam\u00e4te\n<ul>\n<li>ak nen\u00e1jde validn\u00fa verziu IOSu, na\u0161tartuje do obmedzenej funkcie RxBoot<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>n\u00e1jde\u00a0<strong>IOS image<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0161tandardne vo Flash pam\u00e4ti) a zavedie ho<\/li>\n<li>na\u010d\u00edta sa a aplikuje\u00a0<strong>startup-config<\/strong>\u00a0z\u00a0<abbr title=\"Non-volatile Random Access Memory\">NVRAM<\/abbr>\u00a0(tento textov\u00fd s\u00fabor obsahuje sekvenciu pr\u00edkazov IOSu, ktor\u00e1 sa vykon\u00e1va rovnako, ako pri zad\u00e1van\u00ed cez CLI)\n<ul>\n<li>pokia\u013e nie je n\u00e1jden\u00fd, tak sa vyvol\u00e1\u00a0<strong><em>express setup<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>ak existuje, tak sa z Flash pam\u00e4te na\u010d\u00edta\u00a0<em><strong>vlan.dat<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ak zad\u00e1vame nejak\u00e9\u00a0<em><strong>konfigura\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0IOSu, tak tie sa okam\u017eite vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa, ale ukladaj\u00fa sa len do\u00a0<strong>running-config<\/strong>\u00a0, ktor\u00fd je ulo\u017een\u00fd v RAM (pri \u0161tarte sa do neho kop\u00edruje obsah startup-config).\u00a0To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee aktu\u00e1lne s\u00fa platn\u00e9, ale po re\u0161tartovan\u00ed switcha sa vyma\u017e\u00fa. Ak by sme teda vykonali nejak\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00fa by sme nemohli vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165, sta\u010d\u00ed re\u0161tartova\u0165 switch a ten je v takom stave, ako pri poslednom ulo\u017een\u00ed konfigur\u00e1cie.\u00a0Ak v\u0161ak chceme zachova\u0165 na\u0161e zmeny, je potrebn\u00e9 v\u017edy prekop\u00edrova\u0165 be\u017eiaci konfigur\u00e1ciu do \u0161tartovacej.<\/p>\n<p class=\"notice\"><em><strong>Pozn .:<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0Na zd\u00f4raznenie.\u00a0V\u0161etky zmeny, o ktor\u00e9 nechceme pr\u00eds\u0165 pri re\u0161tarte switcha, mus\u00edme ulo\u017ei\u0165! To sa vykon\u00e1 prekop\u00edrovan\u00edm be\u017eiacej konfigur\u00e1cie do \u0161tartovacej.<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">SWITCH # <strong>copy running-config startup-config   <\/strong>\/\/ ulo\u017ei\u0165 \r\nDestination filename [startup-config]?     \/\/ dotaz na meno, stla\u010dte ENTER\r\nBuilding configuration ...\r\n[OK]<\/span><\/pre>\n<h4>Typy pam\u00e4te<\/h4>\n<p>Cisco switche a routre pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa p\u00e4\u0165 r\u00f4znych pam\u00e4t\u00ed (v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sa uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa iba \u0161tyri, ale ja mysl\u00edm, \u017ee aj ten posledn\u00fd je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd).<\/p>\n<p><strong>pam\u00e4\u0165 ROM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><abbr title=\"Read-Only Memory\">ROM<\/abbr><\/strong>\u00a0pam\u00e4\u0165 je mo\u017en\u00e9 len \u010d\u00edta\u0165 a je nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 na nap\u00e1janie.\u00a0Obsahuje procesy, ktor\u00e9 sa vykon\u00e1va pri<em><strong>\u00a0bootovan\u00ed<\/strong><\/em> (\u0161tartovan\u00ed) switcha.\u00a0V star\u00fdch verzi\u00e1ch switchov obsahovala aj IOS.\u00a0V ROM pam\u00e4ti je ulo\u017een\u00fdch nieko\u013eko z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch funkci\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>POST<\/strong> (Power-on Self Test) &#8211; po zapnut\u00ed switcha vykon\u00e1 tento mikrok\u00f3d test funk\u010dnosti hlavn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed (pam\u00e4\u0165, CPU, interface)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bootstrap Program<\/strong> &#8211; inicializ\u00e1cia bootovania, nahr\u00e1va IOS<\/li>\n<li><strong>ROM monitor<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; \u0161peci\u00e1lny diagnostick\u00fd m\u00f3d pre rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov<\/li>\n<li><strong>RxBoot<\/strong> &#8211; ak sa nen\u00e1jde funk\u010dn\u00fd IOS, tak sa na\u010d\u00edta t\u00e1to obmedzen\u00e1 verzia IOSu, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017en\u00ed in\u0161talova\u0165 spr\u00e1vny IOS image<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>pam\u00e4\u0165 Flash<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Flash<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0je pam\u00e4\u0165 typu\u00a0<abbr title=\"Non-volatile Random Access Memory\">NVRAM<\/abbr>\u00a0(Non-volatile random access memory), do ktorej je mo\u017en\u00e9 zapisova\u0165 a pri odpojen\u00ed nap\u00e1jania zostane obsah zachovan\u00fd.\u00a0Vo<em><strong> flash pam\u00e4ti<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0je prim\u00e1rne ulo\u017een\u00fd IOS (m\u00f4\u017ee tu by\u0165 aj viac verzi\u00ed), \u010falej k\u00f3pie startup-config v s\u00fabore <code>config.text<\/code>a inform\u00e1cie o VLAN v\u00a0<code>vlan.dat<\/code>.\u00a0Teoreticky tu m\u00f4\u017eeme ulo\u017ei\u0165 \u010doko\u013evek.\u00a0V\u00fdpis pam\u00e4te sa vykon\u00e1 pomocou <code>dir flash:<\/code>alebo <code>show flash:<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>pam\u00e4\u0165 NVRAM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"notice\"><em><strong>Non-volatile random access memory<\/strong><\/em><\/span>\u00a0(NVRAM) je obdobne ako Flash zapisovate\u013en\u00e9 pam\u00e4\u0165 nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 na nap\u00e1janie.\u00a0Je pou\u017eit\u00e1 pre ulo\u017eenie\u00a0<em><strong>startup-config<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0V\u00fdpis pam\u00e4te sa vykon\u00e1 pomocou <code>dir nvram:<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>pam\u00e4\u0165 RAM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Random access memory<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0(RAM) je opera\u010dn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165.\u00a0Ide o r\u00fdchlu zapisovate\u013en\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je v\u0161ak z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na nap\u00e1janie a pri re\u0161tarte switcha sa vyma\u017ee. \u0160tandardne je t\u00e1to pam\u00e4\u0165 rozdelen\u00e1 na dve \u010dasti &#8211; hlavn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165 procesora a zdie\u013ean\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165 I \/ O.\u00a0V<em><strong>\u00a0hlavnej \u010dasti<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0je ulo\u017een\u00e1 be\u017eiaci konfigur\u00e1cia (running-config), be\u017eiaci IOS, routovacie a ARP tabu\u013eky.\u00a0<em><strong>Zdie\u013ean\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0je pou\u017eit\u00e1 ako buffer pre ulo\u017eenie aktu\u00e1lne spracov\u00e1van\u00fdch paketov.\u00a0Zobrazi\u0165 jej obsah m\u00f4\u017eeme pomocou <code>show memory<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Extern\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165 &#8211; TFTP<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Posledn\u00fd typ pam\u00e4te nie je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou zariadenia, tak\u017ee by sa tu nemusel po\u010d\u00edta\u0165, ale vyu\u017e\u00edva sa pre rad \u010dinnost\u00ed.\u00a0Pou\u017e\u00edva sa tu\u00a0<strong><abbr title=\"Trivial File Transfer Protocol\">TFTP<\/abbr><\/strong>\u00a0(Trivial FTP) server, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017eeme rozbehn\u00fa\u0165 na \u013eubovo\u013enom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di.\u00a0Upozor\u0148ujem, \u017ee to nie je FTP, ale TFTP.\u00a0Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ho vyu\u017eijeme pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed z\u00e1lohy \u010di upgradu IOSu, ale je mo\u017en\u00e9 aj zav\u00e1dza\u0165 IOS priamo z\u00a0<abbr title=\"Trivial File Transfer Protocol\">TFTP<\/abbr>\u00a0servera.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce s IOSom<\/h3>\n<p>Najprv je potrebn\u00e9 sa pripoji\u0165 ku switchu, aby sme mohli pracova\u0165 v\u00a0\u00a0<strong><abbr title=\"Command Line Interface\">CLI<\/abbr><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0M\u00f4\u017eeme tak urobi\u0165 cez\u00a0<strong>Consolu<\/strong>\u00a0, tzn.\u00a0<strong><em>s\u00e9riov\u00fdm k\u00e1blom<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0cez \u0161peci\u00e1lny port na switchi.\u00a0To je z\u00e1kladn\u00fd pripojenie a niekedy jedin\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9.\u00a0Alebo ak u\u017e m\u00e1me vykonan\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu, cez\u00a0<strong>telnet<\/strong>\u00a0\u010di\u00a0<strong>ssh<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Aby fungovala t\u00e1to pripojenia, mus\u00ed by\u0165 nastaven\u00e1 a musia by\u0165 v\u017edy nastaven\u00e9 prihlasovacie heslo.\u00a0Pre niektor\u00e9 \u00fakony, napr\u00edklad aj z\u00e1kladn\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu, sa m\u00f4\u017eeme pripoji\u0165 cez\u00a0<strong><em>webov\u00e9 rozhranie<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u010di u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd program\u00a0<strong>Cisco Network Assistant<\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Ale hoci to tak na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead nemus\u00ed vyzera\u0165, nakoniec je jednoduch\u0161ie vykon\u00e1va\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu nastaven\u00ed cez\u00a0<abbr title=\"Command Line Interface\">CLI<\/abbr>.\u00a0Pre pripojenie cez Consolu pou\u017eijeme <strong><em>HyperTerminal<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0alebo\u00a0<strong><em>putty<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0, ktor\u00fd posl\u00fa\u017ei aj pre ssh a telnet.<\/p>\n<h4>Zad\u00e1vanie pr\u00edkazov<\/h4>\n<p>V\u0161etky pr\u00edkazy IOSu sa daj\u00fa\u00a0<strong><em>zad\u00e1va\u0165 skr\u00e1tene<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0, sta\u010d\u00ed zada\u0165 prv\u00e9 znaky, ktor\u00e9 jednozna\u010dne ur\u010d\u00ed pr\u00edkaz (teda, aby v danom kontexte neexistoval in\u00fd pr\u00edkaz, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face t\u00fdmito znakmi).<\/p>\n<p>Kl\u00e1vesa\u00a0<strong>tabul\u00e1tor<\/strong>\u00a0dop\u013a\u0148a pr\u00edkaz.\u00a0Zad\u00e1me prv\u00fdch p\u00e1r p\u00edsmen pr\u00edkazu a po stla\u010den\u00ed TAB sa pr\u00edkaz doplnia, ak je jednozna\u010dn\u00fd, alebo sa dopln\u00ed \u010das\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je pre viac pr\u00edkazov spolo\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Zadan\u00edm\u00a0<strong>?\u00a0(ot\u00e1znika)<\/strong>\u00a0sa zobraz\u00ed zoznam pr\u00edkazov s kr\u00e1tkym popisom, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eeme na aktu\u00e1lnom mieste pou\u017ei\u0165.\u00a0Tie\u017e m\u00f4\u017eeme zada\u0165 prv\u00fdch p\u00e1r p\u00edsmen pr\u00edkazu a ot\u00e1znik, aby sa vyp\u00edsal zoznam pr\u00edkazov s t\u00fdmto za\u010diatkom.\u00a0V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pr\u00edkazov sa sklad\u00e1 z postupnosti k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch slov, ak zad\u00e1me\u00a0<code>pr\u00edkaz ?<\/code>, dostaneme zoznam argumentov \u010di k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch slov, ktor\u00e9 sa daj\u00fa zada\u0165 na tomto mieste.<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">SWITCH # <strong>?<\/strong>\r\nExec Commands:\r\n  &lt;1-99&gt; Session number to resume\r\n  access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry\r\n  access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry\r\n  archive manage archive files\r\n --More--\r\nSWITCH # <strong>\u010do? <\/strong>\r\nconfigure connect copy<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>Kl\u00e1vesa\u00a0<strong>\u0161\u00edpka hore<\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<strong>\u0161\u00edpka dolu<\/strong>\u00a0sl\u00fa\u017ei na prech\u00e1dzanie hist\u00f3rie, prech\u00e1dza sk\u00f4r zadan\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy.<\/p>\n<p>Ak sa na obrazovku vypisuj\u00fa \u00fadaje, listuj\u00fa sa po str\u00e1nkach.\u00a0Pri vyp\u00edsanie str\u00e1nky sa v\u00fdpis zastav\u00ed.\u00a0Kl\u00e1vesom\u00a0<strong>SPACE<\/strong>\u00a0sa zobraz\u00ed \u010fal\u0161ia str\u00e1nka, kl\u00e1vesom\u00a0<strong>ENTER<\/strong>\u00a0sa zobraz\u00ed \u010fal\u0161\u00ed riadok.<\/p>\n<p>U pr\u00edkazov, ktor\u00e9 generuj\u00fa nejak\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdstup, m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165\u00a0<strong><em>v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 modifik\u00e1tor<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<strong>|\u00a0<\/strong>(zvisl\u00e1 \u010diara) a pomocou neho obmedzova\u0165 v\u00fdstup.<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Zobrazenie MAC adries na porte 16 \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show mac-address-table | include Fa0 \/ 16<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p>Ak sme v\u00a0\u00a0<strong><abbr title=\"Command Line Interface\">CLI<\/abbr><\/strong>\u00a0na nejakom switchi, tak sa m\u00f4\u017eeme pripoji\u0165 k\u00a0\u00a0<strong><em>in\u00e9mu switchu<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0zadan\u00edm jedn\u00e9ho z pr\u00edkazov v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom \/ privilegovanom m\u00f3du.\u00a0<code>ssh adresa<\/code>,\u00a0<code>telnet adresa<\/code>,\u00a0<code>connect adresa <\/code>\u010ci iba zadan\u00edm samotnej\u00a0<code>adresy<\/code>, ak nezodpoved\u00e1 nejak\u00e9mu k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9mu slovu.\u00a0<strong><em>Adresa<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0je bu\u010f IP adresa alebo hostname.\u00a0Pre prepnutie sp\u00e4\u0165 bez ukon\u010denia aktu\u00e1lnej session sl\u00fa\u017ei\u00a0<strong>Ctrl + Shift + 6<\/strong>\u00a0a potom\u00a0<strong>x<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<h4>Ru\u0161enie pr\u00edkazov<\/h4>\n<p>Ak zad\u00e1me nejak\u00fd pr\u00edkaz\u00a0<strong>IOSu<\/strong>\u00a0a odo\u0161leme ho pomocou kl\u00e1vesy\u00a0<strong>ENTER<\/strong>\u00a0, tak sa okam\u017eite pou\u017eij\u00fa a ulo\u017e\u00ed do\u00a0<em>be\u017eiaci konfigur\u00e1cie<\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0Ak chceme\u00a0<em><strong>zru\u0161i\u0165<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0nejak\u00e9\u00a0<em><strong>nastavenia<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0, teda odvola\u0165 sk\u00f4r zadan\u00fd pr\u00edkaz, pou\u017eijeme k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 slovo\u00a0<code>no<\/code>a za n\u00edm\u00a0<em><strong>rovnak\u00fd pr\u00edkaz<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0, ako pre zadanie.\u00a0Teda v\u0161etky nastavenia sa daj\u00fa op\u00e4\u0165 ru\u0161i\u0165 pomocou pr\u00edkazu\u00a0<code>no<\/code>.\u00a0\u010casto nie je potrebn\u00e9 zad\u00e1va\u0165 v\u0161etky parametre pr\u00edkazu.\u00a0Takto vykonan\u00e9 zmeny sa op\u00e4\u0165 uplat\u0148uje len na\u00a0<em>be\u017eiaci konfigur\u00e1ciu<\/em>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">SWITCH (config-if) # <strong>No-IP address <\/strong>\t\/\/ zru\u0161enie IP adresy pre interface<\/span><\/pre>\n<h4>Pr\u00edkazov\u00e9 m\u00f3dy<\/h4>\n<p>U\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 rozhranie\u00a0<strong>IOSu<\/strong>\u00a0je delen\u00e9 do radu\u00a0<strong><em>r\u00f4znych m\u00f3dov<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vykon\u00e1va\u0165 in\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.\u00a0Hlavn\u00e9 m\u00f3dy s\u00fa<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fd m\u00f3d (EXEC)<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; user EXEC &#8211;\u00a0<code>SWITCH&gt;<\/code><br \/>\nv tomto m\u00f3de sme hne\u010f po prihl\u00e1sen\u00ed a m\u00e1 iba obmedzen\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy<\/li>\n<li><strong>privilegovan\u00fd m\u00f3d (EXEC)<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; privileged EXEC &#8211;\u00a0<code>SWITCH#<\/code><br \/>\npredvolen\u00fd m\u00f3d pre prestup do \u010fal\u0161\u00edch konfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed, umo\u017e\u0148uje zobrazova\u0165 r\u00f4zne \u00fadaje<\/li>\n<li><strong>glob\u00e1lne konfigura\u010dn\u00fd m\u00f3d<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; global configuration &#8211;\u00a0<code>SWITCH(config)#<\/code><br \/>\ntu sa konfiguruj\u00fa funkcie, ktor\u00e9 ovplyvn\u00ed cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/li>\n<li><strong>konfigur\u00e1cia interface<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; interface configuration &#8211;\u00a0<code>SWITCH(config-if)#<\/code><br \/>\nv tomto m\u00f3de konfigurujeme vlastnosti ur\u010dit\u00e9ho interfacu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Podobn\u00fdch m\u00f3dov ako konfigur\u00e1cia interface je cel\u00fd rad. M\u00f3dy s\u00fa od seba odl\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 r\u00f4znym Prompt.<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">SWITCH&gt; \t\t\t\t \/\/ u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fd m\u00f3d \r\nSWITCH&gt; <strong>enable <\/strong>\t\t\t\t\/\/ prepnutie do privilegovan\u00e9ho modu \r\nSWITCH # <strong>configure terminal <\/strong>\t\t\/\/ prepnutie do glob\u00e1lnej konfigur\u00e1cie \r\nSWITCH (config) # <strong>interface {meno} <\/strong>\t\/\/ prepnutie do konfigur\u00e1cie interfacu \r\nSWITCH (config-if) # \t\t\t \/\/ konfigur\u00e1cia interfacu<\/span><\/pre>\n<p>Pre prestup z vy\u0161\u0161ej urovne do ni\u017e\u0161ej sl\u00fa\u017ei pr\u00edkaz\u00a0<code>exit<\/code>, ak chceme prejs\u0165 z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch nadraden\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed do privilegovan\u00e9ho m\u00f3du, pou\u017eijeme\u00a0<strong>Ctrl + Z<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">SWITCH (config-if) # <strong>exit<\/strong>  \r\nSWITCH (config) #<\/span><\/pre>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd kontroln\u00fd (informa\u010dn\u00e1) pr\u00edkazy &#8211; show<\/h3>\n<p>Tieto pr\u00edkazy sl\u00fa\u017eia k v\u00fdpisu nastavenie a inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o aktu\u00e1lnej polo\u017eke.\u00a0V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina sa zad\u00e1va v privilegovanom m\u00f3de pomocou pr\u00edkazu\u00a0<code>show<\/code>, ktor\u00fd zobrazuje inform\u00e1cie z be\u017eiaci konfigur\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<h4>V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy<\/h4>\n<pre><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">V\u00fdpis obsahu flash pam\u00e4te (dva zhodn\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy) \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show flash:<\/strong> \r\nSWITCH # <strong>dir<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInform\u00e1cie o switchu a verzii IOSu \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show version<\/strong>\r\n\r\nVyp\u00edsanie be\u017eiaci konfigur\u00e1cia \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show running-config<\/strong>\r\n\r\nVyp\u00edsanie \u0161tartovacie konfigur\u00e1cia \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show startup-config<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInform\u00e1cie o loggov\u00e1n\u00ed a posledn\u00fd z\u00e1znamy \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show logging<\/strong>\r\n\r\nZoznam naposledy zadan\u00fdch pr\u00edkazov \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show history<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Zobrazenie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o okolit\u00fdch Cisco switchoch pomocou protokolu CDP \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show cdp Neighbors<\/strong> \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show cdp Neighbors detail<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInform\u00e1cie o vyu\u017eitie procesora a be\u017eiacich procesoch \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show processes<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<h4>Pripojenie<\/h4>\n<pre><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Inform\u00e1cie o aktu\u00e1lnych telnetov\u00fdch spojeniach \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show sessions<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInform\u00e1cie o aktu\u00e1lnych ssh spojeniach \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show ssh<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInform\u00e1cie o prihl\u00e1sen\u00fdch u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eoch \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show users<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInform\u00e1cie o link\u00e1ch \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show line<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<h4>Interface<\/h4>\n<pre><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Podrobn\u00fd v\u00fdpis inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o interface \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show interfaces<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPodrobn\u00fd v\u00fdpis inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o jednom interface \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show interfaces {meno-interfacu}<\/strong> \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show interfaces f0 \/ 1<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Interface<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; rozhranie s\u00fa hlavne\u00a0<strong><em>fyzick\u00e9 porty<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0na switchi a\u00a0<strong><em>VLANy<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Porty sa adresuj\u00fa\u00a0<strong>typom<\/strong>\u00a0, dnes hlavne\u00a0<strong><em>FastEthernet<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(sta\u010d\u00ed f) a\u00a0<strong><em>GigabitEthernet<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(sta\u010d\u00ed g), a \u010d\u00edslom portu (m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o kombin\u00e1ciu \u010d\u00edsel, kde je napr\u00edklad poradie vo stacku, ale posledn\u00fd je v\u017edy \u010d\u00edslo portu).<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Inform\u00e1cie o porte s podrobnos\u0165ami o VLAN \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show interfaces {meno-interfacu} switchport<\/strong>\r\n\r\nVyp\u00edsanie zoznam fyzick\u00fdch interface s popisom a stavom v preh\u013eadnej forme \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show interfaces status<\/strong>\r\n\r\nStru\u010dn\u00fd zoznam v\u0161etk\u00fdch interface sa \u0161tatistikou prenosov \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show interfaces summary<\/strong>\r\n\r\nZoznam \u0161tatist\u00edk pre interface \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show interfaces stats<\/strong>\r\n\r\nStru\u010dn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o VLAN a priradenie portov \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show vlan<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInform\u00e1cie o existuj\u00facich TRUNC \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show interfaces trunk<\/strong>\r\n\r\nZobrazenie CAM tabu\u013eky - MAC adresy a porty komunikuj\u00facich zariaden\u00ed \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show mac-address-table<\/strong>\r\n\r\nZobrazenie ARP tabu\u013eky \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show arp<\/strong>\r\n\r\nZobrazenie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o ACL a routovanie na interface \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show ip interface<\/strong>\r\n\r\nZobrazenie smerovacie tabu\u013eky \r\nSWITCH # <strong>show ip route<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IOS\u00a0je skratka pre\u00a0Cisco &#8218;s Internetwork Operating System\u00a0, \u010do je opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edva v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina\u00a0Switchov\u00a0a\u00a0Routerov\u00a0firmy\u00a0Cisco\u00a0(\u010falej budem hovori\u0165 o switchoch, ale v\u0161eobecne je v\u017edy mo\u017en\u00e9 uva\u017eova\u0165 aj&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":431,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/422"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=422"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/422\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":449,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/422\/revisions\/449"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=422"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}