{"id":512,"date":"2020-04-06T20:53:58","date_gmt":"2020-04-06T18:53:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/?page_id=512"},"modified":"2020-04-06T20:53:58","modified_gmt":"2020-04-06T18:53:58","slug":"14-tipy-pre-beznu-pracu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/ccna\/cisco-ios\/14-tipy-pre-beznu-pracu\/","title":{"rendered":"14. Tipy pre be\u017en\u00fa pr\u00e1cu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pou\u017e\u00edvanie skratiek<\/span><\/h3>\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nkoch sa sna\u017e\u00edm v\u017edy uv\u00e1dza\u0165 pln\u00fa verziu znenia pr\u00edkazu, preto\u017ee \u010dlovek by mal vedie\u0165, \u010do p\u00ed\u0161e.\u00a0Ale v praxi je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 skratky<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Sta\u010d\u00ed zada\u0165 nieko\u013eko prv\u00fdch znakov pr\u00edkazu tak, aby bol v danom kontexte unik\u00e1tne.\u00a0Na za\u010diatku m\u00f4\u017eeme sk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 zad\u00e1va\u0165 skratky a pomocou\u00a0<\/span>tabul\u00e1tora<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(ak je za\u010diatok unik\u00e1tna, tak dopln\u00ed pr\u00edkaz) alebo\u00a0<\/span>ot\u00e1znika<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(vyp\u00ed\u0161e zoznam pr\u00edkazov, ktor\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa t\u00fdmito znakmi) overi\u0165, \u010di je unik\u00e1tny.\u00a0\u010casom budeme vedie\u0165, ak\u00e9 skratky m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pozn .:<\/span><\/em><\/strong> \u010c\u00edtal som diskusiu, kde niekto namietal, \u017ee pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed skratiek \u010dlovek zabudne cel\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy. Ale ja si napr\u00edklad v duchu hovor\u00edm cel\u00fd pr\u00edkaz a p\u00ed\u0161em iba skratku.\u00a0V posledn\u00fdch mesiacoch som za\u010dal trochu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 Microsoft PowerShell, ktor\u00fd neobsahuje tak\u00e9to vlastnosti ako IOS, a jeho pou\u017eitie je naozaj \u0165a\u017ekop\u00e1dne.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00e1r pr\u00edkladov, ako m\u00f4\u017eeme skracova\u0165 pr\u00edkazy:<\/span><\/p>\n

SWITCH # sh ru<\/strong> = show running-configuration<\/strong> \r\nSWITCH (config-if) # sw a v 100<\/strong> = switchport access vlan 100<\/strong>  \r\nSWITCH (config) # in r g1 \/ 0 \/ 1-5, g1 \/ 0\/10<\/strong> = interface range gigabitEthernet1 \/ 0 \/ 1-5, gigabitEthernet1 \/ 0\/10<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
\u010eal\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou je vytv\u00e1ranie\u00a0<\/span>aliasov<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0, teda skratiek pre pr\u00edkazy.\u00a0V aliasu mus\u00edme ur\u010di\u0165, v akom m\u00f3de sa pr\u00edkaz sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a, ak\u00e1 je skratka, teda vlastn\u00fd alias a pr\u00edkaz, pre ktor\u00fd alias vznik\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH (config) # alias m\u00f3d skratka p\u00f4vodnej-pr\u00edkaz<\/strong> \r\nSWITCH (config) # alias exec s show<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
Rad aliasov u\u017e v syst\u00e9me existuje, napr.\u00a0<\/span>s = show<\/code>,\u00a0<\/span>w = where<\/code>,\u00a0<\/span>lo = logout<\/code>.\u00a0Tieto aliasy sa zobrazuj\u00fa pri v\u00fdpise pr\u00edkazov.<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH # s?<\/strong>\r\n* S = show send session set setup\r\nshow ssh Systeme<\/span><\/pre>\n
Ukladanie konfigur\u00e1cie<\/span><\/h3>\n
Ak chceme ulo\u017ei\u0165 be\u017eiaci konfigur\u00e1ciu do \u0161tartovacej, tak namiesto pr\u00edkazu<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH # copy running-configuration startup-configuration<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 krat\u0161ie<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH # write     <\/strong> \/\/ alebo skratku wr<\/span><\/pre>\n
Zmazanie konfigur\u00e1cia interfacu<\/span><\/h3>\n
Ke\u010f m\u00e1me na porte zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie konfigur\u00e1ciu a chceme nastavi\u0165 nie\u010do in\u00e9, tak m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed resetova\u0165 interface do defaultn\u00e9ho stave ne\u017e meni\u0165 konfigur\u00e1ciu radu pr\u00edkazov.<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH (config) # default interface f0 \/ 1<\/strong> <\/span><\/pre>\n
Filtrovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u010cas\u0165 pr\u00e1ce sa switchu spo\u010d\u00edva v prezeran\u00ed r\u00f4znych inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z nich.\u00a0Ak h\u013ead\u00e1me nejak\u00fd \u0161pecifick\u00fd \u00fadaj, tak je efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie\u00a0<\/span>vyfiltrova\u0165<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0tento \u00fadaj, ne\u017e prech\u00e1dza\u0165 nejak\u00fd dlh\u00fd v\u00fdpis.<\/span><\/p>\n
Niektor\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy obsahuj\u00fa priamo nejak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>filtra\u010dn\u00e9 parametre<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0, napr\u00edklad zobrazenie konfigur\u00e1cie iba pre dan\u00fd interface.<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH # show running-config interface g1 \/ 5\r\n<\/strong>SWITCH # show mac address-table vlan 100<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
Druhou mo\u017enos\u0165ou je pou\u017ei\u0165\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdstupn\u00fd modifik\u00e1tor<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0|\u00a0(pipe), ktor\u00fd je k dispoz\u00edcii pre v\u0161etky show pr\u00edkazy.\u00a0Za n\u00edm sa d\u00e1 pou\u017ei\u0165 nieko\u013eko pr\u00edkazov, za pr\u00edkazom m\u00f4\u017ee nasledova\u0165 regul\u00e1rny v\u00fdraz.<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH # show running-config | begin access-list <\/strong>         \/\/ za\u010dne v\u00fdpis od prv\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu \r\nSWITCH # show mac address-table | include 001e.138c.73e7 <\/strong>\/\/ zobraz\u00ed iba riadky, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa<\/span><\/pre>\n
Jedn\u00fdm pr\u00edkazom za Pipo, ktor\u00fd nes\u00favis\u00ed s filtrovan\u00edm, je\u00a0<\/span>presmerovanie v\u00fdstupu<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0show pr\u00edkazu do s\u00faboru (lok\u00e1lne alebo na sieti).<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH # show running-config | tee flash1: config.txt       <\/strong>\/\/ kop\u00edruje \r\nSWITCH # show running-config | redirect flash1: config.txt <\/strong>\/\/ presmeruje \r\nSWITCH # show running-config | append tftp: config.txt      <\/strong>\/\/ presmeruje a prid\u00e1<\/span><\/pre>\n
Pou\u017eitie pr\u00edkazov z EXEC m\u00f3du<\/span><\/h3>\n
Hlavne show pr\u00edkazy sa daj\u00fa norm\u00e1lne vyvola\u0165 iba v\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>EXEC m\u00f3de<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(niekedy sa ozna\u010duje ako show mode).\u00a0\u010co zdr\u017euje pri pr\u00e1ci, kedy sa potrebujeme na nie\u010do pozrie\u0165 a sme v\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>konfigura\u010dnom m\u00f3de<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0Preto je tu pr\u00edkaz\u00a0<\/span>do<\/code>, ktor\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed v akomko\u013evek m\u00f3de zavola\u0165 pr\u00edkazy z privilegovan\u00e9ho m\u00f3du (EXEC).\u00a0Jedin\u00e1 nev\u00fdhoda je, \u017ee za pr\u00edkazom do nefunguje dopl\u0148ovania pr\u00edkazov (tabul\u00e1tor) ani n\u00e1poveda (ot\u00e1znik).<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH (config-if) # do \u0161ou run int g1 \/ 5<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
Pozn .:<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Pre r\u00fdchly skok rovno do EXEC m\u00f3du nemus\u00edme pou\u017ei\u0165 rad pr\u00edkazov exit, ale stla\u010di\u0165<\/span>\u00a0Ctrl + Z<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n
Zobrazenie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o interfacu<\/span><\/h3>\n
Zauj\u00edmav\u00fd pr\u00edkaz pre zobrazenie mo\u017enost\u00ed interfacu.<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH # show interfaces capabilities<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
Vypisovanie debug inform\u00e1ci\u00ed do okna<\/span><\/h3>\n
Ak sme pripojen\u00ed cez\u00a0<\/span>konzolu<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(s\u00e9riov\u00fdm k\u00e1blom), tak sa n\u00e1m na obrazovku vypisuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne spr\u00e1vy (debugovacie inform\u00e1cie, chybov\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161ky).\u00a0Preto\u017ee defaultn\u00fdm logovac\u00edm zariaden\u00edm je konzola.\u00a0Spr\u00e1vy sa tie\u017e ukladaj\u00fa do lok\u00e1lneho bufferu a m\u00f4\u017eeme nastavi\u0165 posielanie na syslog server.\u00a0V\u00fdpisy, ktor\u00e9 smeruj\u00fa na konzolu, n\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017eu zdr\u017eiava\u0165, tak\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eeme riadi\u0165, ktor\u00e9 typy sa maj\u00fa zobrazova\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH (config) # logging console warnings <\/strong>       \/\/ zad\u00e1vame \u00farove\u0148 1 - 7<\/span><\/pre>\n
alebo tie\u017e m\u00f4\u017eeme zobrazovanie \u00faplne vypn\u00fa\u0165<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH (config) # no logging console<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
Ak sme pripojen\u00ed cez\u00a0<\/span>termin\u00e1lov\u00e9 spojenie<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(telnet \u010di ssl), tak \u0161tandardne tieto hl\u00e1\u0161ky nedost\u00e1vame.\u00a0Ak by sme si to priali, tak m\u00f4\u017eeme smerova\u0165 v\u00fdstup aj do na\u0161ej session.<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH # terminal monitor<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
A tie\u017e aj tu m\u00f4\u017eeme riadi\u0165, ktor\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy sa bud\u00fa zobrazova\u0165<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH (config) # logging monitor errors <\/strong>       \/\/ zad\u00e1vame \u00farove\u0148 1 - 7<\/span><\/pre>\n
Pozn .:<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Tieto nastavenia sa t\u00fdkaj\u00fa iba aktu\u00e1lnej session, tak\u017ee po zatvoren\u00ed spojen\u00ed so ru\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n
Zasielanie logov na \u0161tandardn\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>syslog server<\/span><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0nastav\u00edme jednoducho, zadan\u00edm IP adresy servera.<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH (config) # logging 192.168.50.15<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
Je tu v\u0161ak jedna mal\u00e1 finta.\u00a0Defaultne sa na syslog posielaj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie s \u00farov\u0148ou\u00a0<\/span>informational<\/code>a vy\u0161\u0161ie, \u010do nezah\u0155\u0148a\u00a0<\/span>debugging<\/code>.\u00a0A ak nastav\u00edme nejak\u00e9 logovanie pr\u00edkazom\u00a0<\/span>debug<\/code>, tak sa n\u00e1m tieto inform\u00e1cie nedostan\u00fa na syslog.\u00a0Mus\u00edme zmeni\u0165 nastavenie na najni\u017e\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148.<\/span><\/p>\n
SWITCH (config) # logging trap debugging<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pou\u017e\u00edvanie skratiek V \u010dl\u00e1nkoch sa sna\u017e\u00edm v\u017edy uv\u00e1dza\u0165 pln\u00fa verziu znenia pr\u00edkazu, preto\u017ee \u010dlovek by mal vedie\u0165, \u010do p\u00ed\u0161e.\u00a0Ale v praxi je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 skratky\u00a0.\u00a0Sta\u010d\u00ed zada\u0165…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":431,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/512"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=512"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/512\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":513,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/512\/revisions\/513"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}