{"id":616,"date":"2020-04-10T19:23:10","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T17:23:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/?page_id=616"},"modified":"2020-04-12T18:39:19","modified_gmt":"2020-04-12T16:39:19","slug":"strukturovana-kabelaz","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/sietove-technologie\/strukturovana-kabelaz\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160trukt\u00farovan\u00e1 kabel\u00e1\u017e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0160trukt\u00farovan\u00fd kabel\u00e1\u017eny syst\u00e9m je z h\u013eadiska pou\u017eitia na prenos d\u00e1t (po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 sie\u0165, internet), hlasu (telefoniz\u00e1cia) a obrazu (kamerov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, telev\u00edzia) univerz\u00e1lny. Pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e si m\u00f4\u017ee \u013eubovo\u013ene zvoli\u0165, ktor\u00e9 pr\u00edpojn\u00e9 miesto (telekomunika\u010dn\u00fa z\u00e1suvku) bude na ak\u00fa slu\u017ebu vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165. Rovnako m\u00f4\u017ee kedyko\u013evek svoje rozhodnutie zmeni\u0165 a slu\u017ebu predefinova\u0165 v rozv\u00e1dza\u010di jednoduchou zmenou v prepojovacom poli.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eitou vlastnos\u0165ou \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fdch kabel\u00e1\u017enych syst\u00e9mov je garancia funk\u010dnosti v\u0161etk\u00fdch zn\u00e1mych a \u0161tandardizovan\u00fdch prenosov\u00fdch protokolov. Organiz\u00e1cia takto m\u00f4\u017ee bez ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek obmedzenia meni\u0165 alebo inovova\u0165 v\u0161etky informa\u010dn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 zariadenia od ktor\u00e9hoko\u013evek v\u00fdrobcu.<\/p>\n

Okrem budov ur\u010den\u00fdch na kancel\u00e1rske a v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely sa \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00e9 kabel\u00e1\u017ee v ostatnom \u010dase \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj do rodinn\u00fdch a bytov\u00fdch domov. Zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa komfortn\u00e9 pripojenie telev\u00edzneho prij\u00edma\u010da, po\u010d\u00edta\u010da alebo telef\u00f3nu v \u013eubovo\u013enom mieste dom\u00e1cnosti bez zn\u00ed\u017eenia estetiky interi\u00e9ru zv\u00e4zkami pr\u00edpojn\u00fdch a predl\u017eovac\u00edch k\u00e1blov. Aktu\u00e1lnu funkciu ktorejko\u013evek z\u00e1suvky mo\u017eno op\u00e4\u0165 kedyko\u013evek zmeni\u0165. In\u0161talovanie \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fdch kabel\u00e1\u017enych rozvodov bude v bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti samozrejmos\u0165ou a nutnos\u0165ou. Ur\u00fdchleniu tohto procesu pom\u00f4\u017ee najm\u00e4 z\u00e1kon o povinnom prechode na digit\u00e1lne vysielanie telev\u00edznych programov a obrovsk\u00fd rozmach slu\u017eieb Triple Play (telev\u00edzia, r\u00fdchly internet, IP telefoniz\u00e1cia).<\/p>\n

Spr\u00e1vny v\u00fdber kabel\u00e1\u017ee<\/h3>\n

Kateg\u00f3rie kabel\u00e1\u017e\u00ed upravuj\u00fa 2 hlavn\u00e9 normy:
\n\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0TIA\/EIA 568, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti vydanie C, americk\u00e1 norma
\n\u2022\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0ISO 11801, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti vydanie 2, medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 norma
\nZ t\u00fdchto dvoch noriem s\u00fa odvodzovan\u00e9 v\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 svetov\u00e9 normy. Obidve normy poznaj\u00fa kateg\u00f3rie 5e, 6 a 6A, ale iba ISO 11801 pozn\u00e1 aj kateg\u00f3rie 7 a 7A.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1tov\u00e1 kabel\u00e1\u017e – vysvetlenie skratiek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
UTP (U\/UTP)<\/strong><\/td>\nk\u00e1bel bez tienenia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FTP (F\/UTP)<\/strong><\/td>\nk\u00e1bel tienen\u00fd f\u00f3liou<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S-FTP (SF\/UTP)<\/strong><\/td>\nk\u00e1bel tienen\u00fd opleten\u00edm a f\u00f3liou<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STP (U\/FTP)<\/strong><\/td>\nk\u00e1bel po p\u00e1roch tienen\u00fd f\u00f3liou<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F-FTP (F\/FTP)<\/strong><\/td>\nk\u00e1bel po p\u00e1roch tienen\u00fd f\u00f3liou + spolo\u010dn\u00e9 tienenie f\u00f3liou<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S-STP (S\/FTP)<\/strong><\/td>\nk\u00e1bel po p\u00e1roch tienen\u00fd f\u00f3liou + spolo\u010dn\u00e9 tienenie opleten\u00edm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LSOH<\/strong><\/td>\nbezhalog\u00e9nov\u00fd k\u00e1bel odoln\u00fd vo\u010di \u0161\u00edreniu plame\u0148a pod\u013ea STN-IEC 60332-1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LSFROH<\/strong><\/td>\nbezhalog\u00e9nov\u00fd k\u00e1bel odoln\u00fd vo\u010di \u0161\u00edreniu plame\u0148a pod\u013ea STN-IEC 60332-3C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kateg\u00f3rie \u0161trukt\u00farovanej kabel\u00e1\u017ee<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kateg\u00f3ria 5E (Cat. 5E)<\/strong><\/td>\nvych\u00e1dza z kateg\u00f3rie 5 a m\u00e1 aj rovnak\u00fa \u0161\u00edrku p\u00e1sma (tj 100 MHz). Z d\u00f4vodu cenovej dostupnosti je v tejto chv\u00edli kateg\u00f3rie 5E st\u00e1le najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ia kateg\u00f3ria v \u0161trukt\u00farovanej kabel\u00e1\u017ei. Komponenty kateg\u00f3rie 5E vedia prenies\u0165 aj Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3ab 1000 Base-T) na tienenej i netienenej kabel\u00e1\u017ei v podan\u00ed protokolu 1000BaseT. Av\u0161ak prenosov\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 1 Gb \/ s je limitnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou pre v\u0161etky komponenty kateg\u00f3rie 5E. Kabel\u00e1\u017e vyu\u017e\u00edva konektory RJ45.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kateg\u00f3ria 6 (Cat.6)<\/strong><\/td>\np\u00f4vodne bola navrhnut\u00e1 v roku 2002 pre in\u00fd typ Gigabit Ethernetu (TIA\/EIA-854 1000 Base-Tx) a mala zlacni\u0165 v\u00fdrobu akt\u00edvnych prkov. V\u00fdrobcovia akt\u00edvnych zariaden\u00ed ale tento typ komunik\u00e1cie nepodporili. Vo v\u00fdsledku Cat.6 v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti podporuje iba rovnak\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu ako Cat.5e: Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Base-T) po tienen\u00fdch a netienen\u00fdch k\u00e1bloch a pri pou\u017eit\u00ed RJ45 konektorov. Napriek tomu, \u017ee existuj\u00face in\u0161tal\u00e1cie mo\u017eno po sofistikovanom testovan\u00ed preklasifikova\u0165 na prenos 10G Ethernetu, t\u00e1to kateg\u00f3ria kabel\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nebola navrhnut\u00e1 pre tak\u00fato aplik\u00e1ciu a nemala by by\u0165 odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e1 pre nov\u00e9 in\u0161tal\u00e1cie podporuj\u00face 10G Ethernet. V porovnan\u00ed s Cat.5e ale Cat.6 prin\u00e1\u0161a dve v\u00fdhody: \u0161ir\u0161ie prenosov\u00e9 p\u00e1smo (tj a\u017e 250 MHz) , umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00face vy\u0161\u0161iu spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 prenosu gigabitov\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a vo v\u0161eobecnosti vy\u0161\u0161ia kvalita konektorov, ktor\u00e1 spolu s k\u00e1blami s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm odporom umo\u017e\u0148uje lep\u0161\u00ed prenos Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) sign\u00e1lov.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kateg\u00f3ria 6A (Cat.6A)<\/strong><\/td>\nje najmlad\u0161ou kateg\u00f3riou ktor\u00e1 vznikla v apr\u00edli 2008 a je navrhnut\u00e1 na prenos 10Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3an 10Gbase-T). Op\u00e4\u0165 je dostupn\u00e1 po tienenej i netienej verzii. S kateg\u00f3riou 6A sa po\u010d\u00edta predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pre plnohodnotn\u00fd prenos protokolu 10GBase-T na v\u0161etky vzdialenosti (r\u00fdchlos\u0165 10 Gb \/ s), ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v metalickej kabel\u00e1\u017ei be\u017en\u00e9. Oproti kateg\u00f3rii 6 pracuj\u00fa komponenty kateg\u00f3rie 6A s dvojn\u00e1sobnou \u0161\u00edrkou p\u00e1sma – tj 500 MHz, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje komponentom tejto novej kateg\u00f3rie u\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161iu d\u00e1tov\u00fa priepustnos\u0165.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kateg\u00f3ria 7 (Cat.7)<\/strong><\/td>\nKateg\u00f3ria 7 (Cat.7) bola navrhnut\u00e1 v roku 2002 pre bud\u00faci 10Gigabit Ethernet, ktor\u00fd v tej dobe e\u0161te neexistoval. Kv\u00f4li odli\u0161n\u00fdm konektorom (nevyu\u017e\u00edva RJ45) a v\u00fdhradne S\/FTP k\u00e1blom (ale najm\u00e4 v\u010faka absencii v\u00fdhod!) ju trh nikdy neakceptoval a jej pou\u017eitie r\u00fdchlo kles\u00e1. Pracovn\u00e1 frekvencia kateg\u00f3ria 7 je teraz 600 MHz.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kateg\u00f3ria 7A (Cat.7A)<\/strong><\/td>\nje evol\u00faciou Cat.7. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 kateg\u00f3ria 7 z d\u00f4vodu mal\u00e9ho odstupu \u0161\u00edrky p\u00e1sma od komponentov kateg\u00f3rie 6A (500 MHz vs. 600 MHz) bude postupne nahraden\u00e1 touto novou kateg\u00f3riou s dvojn\u00e1sobnou \u0161\u00edrkou p\u00e1sma – tj 1000 MHz Vyu\u017e\u00edva rovnak\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne konektory (nie RJ45) a ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161ie frekvencie, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa podpori\u0165 prenos bud\u00facich aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed. Av\u0161ak, pod\u013ea ned\u00e1vno ratifikovanej normy IEEE 802.3ba definuj\u00facej prenos 40 a 100 Gigabit Ethernetu, Cat.7A. tak\u00e9to prenosy nepodporuje. Navy\u0161e v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti neexistuje \u017eiadne prenosn\u00e9 testovacie zariadenie schopn\u00e9 otestova\u0165 v\u00fdkon kabel\u00e1\u017ee Cat.7A v celej \u0161\u00edrke prenosov\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma. Vo v\u00fdsledku pou\u017eitie Cat.7A op\u00e4\u0165 prin\u00e1\u0161a viacer\u00e9 komplik\u00e1cie bez zjavn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Z h\u013eadiska v\u00fdberu kabel\u00e1\u017ee a vynalo\u017een\u00fdch invest\u00edci\u00ed je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nasleduj\u00face kon\u0161tatovanie. Nad\u010dasov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie s mor\u00e1lnou \u017eivotnos\u0165ou 15 a\u017e 20 rokov predstavuj\u00fa len kabel\u00e1\u017ene syst\u00e9my schopn\u00e9 prenosu 10 Gigabit Ethernetu (vierohodne certifikovan\u00e9 ako Cat. 6A). V\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s\u00fa kvalitat\u00edvne na \u00farovni Cat. 5E, schopn\u00e9 pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 1 Gigabit Ethernet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160trukt\u00farovan\u00fd kabel\u00e1\u017eny syst\u00e9m je z h\u013eadiska pou\u017eitia na prenos d\u00e1t (po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 sie\u0165, internet), hlasu (telefoniz\u00e1cia) a obrazu (kamerov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, telev\u00edzia) univerz\u00e1lny. Pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e si m\u00f4\u017ee \u013eubovo\u013ene…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":14,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/616"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=616"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":655,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/616\/revisions\/655"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}