{"id":620,"date":"2020-04-10T20:23:32","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T18:23:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/?page_id=620"},"modified":"2020-04-12T18:37:30","modified_gmt":"2020-04-12T16:37:30","slug":"krutena-dvojlinka","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/krutena-dvojlinka\/","title":{"rendered":"Kr\u00faten\u00e1 dvojlinka"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kr\u00faten\u00e1 dvojlinka<\/b>\u00a0(angl.\u00a0twisted pair<\/i>, TP) alebo tie\u017e kr\u00faten\u00fd k\u00e1bel vo v\u00fdpo\u010dtovej technike ozna\u010duje \u0161tvorp\u00e1rov\u00fd\u00a0 k\u00e1bel (k\u00e1blov\u00fd zv\u00e4zok), kde jednotliv\u00e9 vodi\u010de s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v p\u00e1roch, pri\u010dom p\u00e1ry s\u00fa skr\u00faten\u00e9 navz\u00e1jom okolo seba. Vodi\u010de v p\u00e1re s\u00fa rovnocenn\u00e9 (\u017eiaden z vodi\u010dov nie je pripojen\u00fd na zem alebo zdroj nap\u00e4tia) preto sa tak\u00fdto k\u00e1bel ozna\u010duje tie\u017e ako symetrick\u00fd. K\u00e1bel je ur\u010den\u00fd pre prenos d\u00e1t v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch sie\u0165ach.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

D\u00f4vodom skr\u00fatenia vodi\u010dov je, \u017ee definovan\u00e9 skr\u00fatenie pom\u00e1ha redukova\u0165 vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9\u00a0presluchy\u00a0a\u00a0\u0161umy\u00a0z vonkaj\u0161ieho prostredia a z\u00e1rove\u0148 br\u00e1ni vy\u017earovaniu z p\u00e1ru do prostredia. Zakr\u00faten\u00e9 vodi\u010de maj\u00fa zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di s\u00fahlasn\u00e9mu typu ru\u0161enia (nap\u00e4tiu indukovan\u00e9mu do oboch vodi\u010dov s\u00fa\u010dasne) preto\u017ee vplyvom opa\u010dnej f\u00e1zy sa indukovan\u00e9\u00a0nap\u00e4tie\u00a0navz\u00e1jom vyru\u0161\u00ed. Kv\u00f4li zabr\u00e1neniu vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch presluchov medzi p\u00e1rmi v jednom k\u00e1bli (k\u00e1blovom zv\u00e4zku) maj\u00fa jednotliv\u00e9 p\u00e1ry r\u00f4zne skr\u00fatenia (r\u00f4zny po\u010det skr\u00faten\u00ed na jednotku d\u013a\u017eky).<\/p>\n

Elektricky sa vodi\u010de vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa vo forme\u00a0dr\u00f4tu\u00a0(jadro\u00a0vodi\u010da\u00a0je jeden homog\u00e9nny dr\u00f4t) pre aplik\u00e1cie, kde sa po in\u0161tal\u00e1cii k\u00e1blom u\u017e neh\u00fdbe \u2013 k\u00e1ble in\u0161talovan\u00e9 do l\u00ed\u0161t, pod omietku…, a vo forme lanka (jadro je zlo\u017een\u00e9 z viacer\u00fdch skr\u00faten\u00fdch dr\u00f4tikov) pre aplik\u00e1cie, kde sa k\u00e1blom m\u00f4\u017ee h\u00fdba\u0165 napr. prep\u00e1jacie k\u00e1ble, pr\u00edvodn\u00e9 k\u00e1ble k po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom… Tieto k\u00e1ble s\u00fa drah\u0161ie. Pou\u017eit\u00e9mu k\u00e1blu mus\u00ed zodpoveda\u0165 aj pou\u017eit\u00fd ukon\u010duj\u00faci konektor\u00a0RJ-45\u00a0(na dr\u00f4t, alebo na lanko).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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Typy a zna\u010dky<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Skratky pre vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 k\u00e1ble s\u00fa \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 ISO\/IEC 11801:2002 (Annex E). Inform\u00e1cie obsiahnut\u00e9 v opise k\u00e1bla by mali ma\u0165 nasleduj\u00facu syntax: xx\/yyTP, kde p\u00edsmen\u00e1 yy charakterizuj\u00fa jednotliv\u00e9 vodi\u010de \/ p\u00e1ry a p\u00edsmen\u00e1 xx popisuj\u00fa celkov\u00fa kon\u0161trukciu k\u00e1bla. P\u00edsmen\u00e1 TP s\u00fa skratky vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch prvkov, tj kr\u00faten\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
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Ozna\u010denia xx a m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 nasledovn\u00e9:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • U \u2013 netienen\u00fd<\/li>\n
  • F \u2013 f\u00f3liovan\u00fd (tienen\u00fd f\u00f3liou)<\/li>\n
  • S \u2013 tienen\u00fd (tienen\u00fd opleten\u00edm)<\/li>\n
  • SF \u2013 tienen\u00fd a f\u00f3liovan\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    Typick\u00e9 vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 k\u00e1ble<\/strong><\/div>\n
    \n
      \n
    • U\/UTP \u2013 netienen\u00e9 k\u00e1ble<\/li>\n
    • F\/UTP \u2013 f\u00f3liou tienen\u00fd k\u00e1bel s netienen\u00fdmi vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdmi prvkami<\/li>\n
    • U\/FTP \u2013 netienen\u00fd k\u00e1bel s f\u00f3liou tienen\u00fdmi vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdmi prvkami<\/li>\n
    • F\/FTP \u2013 f\u00f3liou tienen\u00fd k\u00e1bel s f\u00f3liou tienen\u00fdmi vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdmi prvkami<\/li>\n
    • SF\/UTP \u2013 celkov\u00e9 opletenie a f\u00f3liou tienen\u00fd k\u00e1bel s netienen\u00fdmi vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdmi prvkami<\/li>\n
    • S\/FTP \u2013 celkovo opleten\u00fd tienen\u00fd k\u00e1bel s f\u00f3liou tienen\u00fdmi vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdmi prvkami<\/li>\n
    • SF\/FTP \u2013 celkov\u00e9 opletenie a f\u00f3liou tienen\u00fd k\u00e1bel s f\u00f3liou tienen\u00fdmi vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdmi prvkami<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \n
      \n
      Normy a usmernenia na zavedenie \u0161trukt\u00farovanej kabel\u00e1\u017ee<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \n
      \n\n\n\n\n
      Krajina<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nEur\u00f3pa<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nUSA<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nSvet<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0160tandard<\/span><\/td>\nEN 50173<\/span><\/td>\nTIA\/EIA 568A<\/span><\/td>\nISO\/IEC 11801<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \n
      \n

      Kateg\u00f3rie \/ triedy kr\u00fatenej dvojlinky<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      Kateg\u00f3rie a triedy pod\u013ea TIA \/ EIA 568A a EN 50173:<\/strong><\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \n
      \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Standard TIA\/EIA 568A<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nISO 11801\u00a0 EN50173<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nConnectors<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nApplication<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nBand<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      cat. 1<\/span><\/td>\nClass A<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u00a0Telephone services<\/span><\/td>\nup to 100 kHz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      cat. 2<\/span><\/td>\nClass B<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\nVoice services and older terminal systems<\/span><\/td>\nup to 1 MHz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      cat. 3<\/span><\/td>\nClass C<\/span><\/td>\nRJ11<\/span>
      \nRJ12<\/span>
      \nRJ45<\/span><\/td>\n      		10BASE-T Ethernet, telephone cables<\/span><\/td>\nup to 16 MHz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      cat. 4<\/span><\/td>\n–<\/span><\/td>\nRJ45<\/span><\/td>\n16 Mbps Token Ring<\/span><\/td>\nup to 20 MHz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      cat. 5\/5e<\/span><\/td>\nClass D<\/span><\/td>\nRJ45<\/span><\/td>\nFastEthernet 100Base-TX, GigabitEthernet 1000Base-T<\/span><\/td>\nup to 100 MHz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      cat.6<\/span><\/td>\nClass E<\/span><\/td>\nRJ45<\/span><\/td>\nATM622, GigabitEthernet 1000Base-T<\/span><\/td>\nup to 250 MHz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      cat. 6A<\/span><\/td>\nClass EA<\/sub><\/span><\/td>\nRJ45<\/span><\/td>\nGigabitEthernet, 10-GigabitEthernet 10GBase-T<\/span><\/td>\nup to 500 MHz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      cat. 7<\/span><\/td>\nF<\/span><\/td>\nGG45,<\/span>
      \nTERA<\/span><\/td>\n      		10GBase-T, CCTV, 3-play services<\/span><\/td>\nup to 600 MHz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      cat. 7A<\/span><\/td>\nFA<\/sub><\/span><\/td>\nGG45,<\/span>
      \nTERA<\/span><\/td>\n      		10GBase-T, CATV up to 862 MHz, 3-play services, ready for 40G<\/span><\/td>\nup to 1 GHz<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Jednotliv\u00e9 kr\u00faten\u00e9 p\u00e1ry, resp. vodi\u010de v k\u00e1bli s\u00fa farebne rozl\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9. Obvykle je jeden vodi\u010d p\u00e1ru cel\u00fd\u00a0homog\u00e9nne\u00a0ozna\u010den\u00fd jednou\u00a0farbou\u00a0a jemu prisl\u00fachaj\u00faci\u00a0p\u00e1r\u00a0obsahuje farebn\u00fd p\u00e1sik tej istej farby. Napr. ak je vodi\u010d modr\u00fd, k nemu prisl\u00fachaj\u00faci p\u00e1r je biely s modr\u00fdm p\u00e1sikom (bielo-modr\u00fd).<\/p>\n

      V sie\u0165ach\u00a0Ethernet\u00a0sa pre jednotliv\u00e9 p\u00e1ry pou\u017e\u00edva kombin\u00e1cia farieb: bielo-oran\u017eov\u00e1\/oran\u017eov\u00e1, bielo-zelen\u00e1\/zelen\u00e1, bielo-modr\u00e1\/modr\u00e1, bielo-hned\u00e1\/hned\u00e1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

      \u0160pecifik\u00e1cia p\u00e1rov pre osem vodi\u010dov 100 ohmov vyv\u00e1\u017eenej kr\u00fatenej dvojlinky (8P8C\/RJ-45)<\/strong><\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n
      \n
      \n

      T568A a T568B ukon\u010denie (pinout) pre siete 100Base-T:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • EIA\/TIA568B (popul\u00e1rnej\u0161ie)<\/li>\n
      • EIA\/TIA568A<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        Ak s\u00fa tieto dve strany k\u00e1blov ukon\u010den\u00e9 rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, bude to priamo priechodz\u00ed k\u00e1bel, \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00fd patch k\u00e1bel. V opa\u010dnom pr\u00edpade to bude kr\u00ed\u017een\u00fd k\u00e1bel.<\/div>\n
        \n
        Priechodn\u00e9 k\u00e1ble sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pre pripojenie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da \/ perif\u00e9rnych sie\u0165ov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, ako s\u00fa rozbo\u010dova\u010de a prep\u00edna\u010de, zatia\u013e \u010do kr\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 k\u00e1ble s\u00fa obvykle pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na vytvorenie priameho spojenia medzi dvoma po\u010d\u00edta\u010dmi.<\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        \"\"<\/div>\n
        \"\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \n

         <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
        \u0160tandardn\u00e9 zapojenie vodi\u010dov EIA\/TIA 568A<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0160tandardn\u00e9 zapojenie vodi\u010dov EIA\/TIA 568B<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \n
          \n
        • bielo-zelen\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • zelen\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • bielo-oran\u017eov\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • modr\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • bielo-modr\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • oran\u017eov\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • bielo-hned\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • hned\u00e1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
        		\n
          \n
        • bielo-oran\u017eov\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • oran\u017eov\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • bielo-zelen\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • modr\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • bielo-modr\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • zelen\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • bielo-hned\u00e1<\/li>\n
        • hned\u00e1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Kr\u00faten\u00e1 dvojlinka\u00a0(angl.\u00a0twisted pair, TP) alebo tie\u017e kr\u00faten\u00fd k\u00e1bel vo v\u00fdpo\u010dtovej technike ozna\u010duje \u0161tvorp\u00e1rov\u00fd\u00a0 k\u00e1bel (k\u00e1blov\u00fd zv\u00e4zok), kde jednotliv\u00e9 vodi\u010de s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v p\u00e1roch, pri\u010dom p\u00e1ry…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/620"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=620"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":654,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/620\/revisions\/654"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}