Napojenie do internetu pon\u00faka v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti mnoho spolo\u010dnost\u00ed. Pri v\u00fdbere by n\u00e1s mala zauj\u00edma\u0165 okrem ceny prenosov\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165, t. j. ko\u013eko bitov za sekundu dok\u00e1\u017eeme t\u00fdmto pripojen\u00edm odosla\u0165 (upload) alebo prija\u0165 (download).<\/p>\n
Tento typ pripojenia pon\u00fakaj\u00fa telef\u00f3nne spolo\u010dnosti najm\u00e4 na miestach, kde je pevn\u00e1 linka prakticky jedin\u00fd sp\u00f4sob komunik\u00e1cie so svetom, na miestach ve\u013emi vzdialen\u00fdch od miest a navy\u0161e bez digit\u00e1lnej \u00fastredne. \u0160\u00edrka p\u00e1sma je v tomto pr\u00edpade do 56 kb\/s (\u010do je len 7kB\/s), no re\u00e1lne r\u00fdchlosti s\u00fa e\u0161te o nie\u010do men\u0161ie. \u010eal\u0161ou nev\u00fdhodou je obsadenie telef\u00f3nnej linky po\u010das napojenia do internetu, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa ned\u00e1 naraz telefonova\u0165 aj surfova\u0165.<\/p>\n
V pr\u00edpade modernej\u0161\u00edch digit\u00e1lnych telef\u00f3nnych \u00fastredn\u00ed je vhodnej\u0161ie pou\u017eitie tohto spojenia. Prenosov\u00e9 r\u00fdchlosti pri ADSL dosahuj\u00fa pri odosielan\u00ed do 1 Mb\/s a pri prij\u00edman\u00ed a\u017e do 8 Mb\/s, pri nov\u0161ej ADSL2+ je to pri odosielan\u00ed nie\u010do m\u00e1lo nad 3 Mb\/s a pri prij\u00edman\u00ed teoreticky a\u017e 24 Mb\/s [\u00a01<\/a>,2<\/a>\u00a0]. Typicky s\u00fa v\u0161ak tieto r\u00fdchlosti zhruba 4 kr\u00e1t ni\u017e\u0161ie. S novou \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciou VDSL sa zv\u00fd\u0161ili maxim\u00e1lne r\u00fdchlosti a\u017e na 100 Mb\/s oboma smermi, \u010do je v\u0161ak podmienen\u00e9 maxim\u00e1lnou vzdialenos\u0165ou od digit\u00e1lnej \u00fastredne do 300 metrov. S v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou vzdialenos\u0165ou maxim\u00e1lna prenosov\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 kles\u00e1. \u010eal\u0161ou v\u00fdhodou, oproti dial-up, je rozdelenie frekven\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma na tri, tak\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eeme telefonova\u0165 a surfova\u0165 z\u00e1rove\u0148.<\/p>\n Ide o napojenie cez koaxi\u00e1lny k\u00e1bel, ktor\u00fdm sa typicky pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa telev\u00edzne programy k\u00e1blov\u00fdch telev\u00edzi\u00ed. R\u00fdchlosti s\u00fa o nie\u010do vy\u0161\u0161ie (do 30 Mb\/s prij\u00edmanie a do 2 Mb\/s odosielanie). Nev\u00fdhodou je to, \u017ee tento k\u00e1bel nie je napojen\u00fd priamo od pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea do routra, ale jednoduch\u00fdm pevn\u00fdm spojen\u00edm mnohokr\u00e1t rozdvojovan\u00fd a zaveden\u00fd do viacer\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010doko\u013evek niektor\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d vysiela, je \u0161\u00edren\u00e9 ku v\u0161etk\u00fdm ostatn\u00fdm v danom vchode alebo ulici, \u010do v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euje bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 (v\u0161etci susedia m\u00f4\u017eu vidie\u0165, \u010do odosielam do internetu, ale aj \u010do z neho prij\u00edmam).<\/p>\n Toto pripojenie u\u017e na rozdiel od predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich vyu\u017e\u00edva k\u00e1ble ur\u010den\u00e9 p\u00f4vodne na internetov\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu \u2013 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 k\u00e1ble. Tie m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 metalick\u00e9 (typicky meden\u00e9) alebo optick\u00e9. Typick\u00e9 r\u00fdchlosti s\u00fa 10 Mb\/s, 100 Mb\/s, 1 Gb\/s a\u017e 10 Gb\/s pre oba smery.<\/p>\n V kaviar\u0148ach, v \u0161kole, ale \u010dasto aj doma sa vyu\u017e\u00edva WLAN (wireless LAN resp. wireless Ethernet). V z\u00e1vislosti od technol\u00f3gie dosahuje prenosov\u00e9 r\u00fdchlosti 11 Mb\/s (802.11b), 54 Mb\/s (802.11g) alebo 300 Mb\/s (802.11n). V janu\u00e1ri 2014 sa dokon\u010dila\u00a0\u0161tandardiz\u00e1cia technol\u00f3gie 802.11ac<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 dosahuje r\u00fdchlosti a\u017e cez 3Gb\/s (pri vhodnom po\u010dte ant\u00e9n v zariadeniach). Toto pripojenie m\u00e1 v\u0161ak dosah iba nieko\u013eko desiatok metrov.<\/p>\n Mobiln\u00ed oper\u00e1tori pon\u00fakaj\u00fa aj pripojenie technol\u00f3giami 3G, u n\u00e1s konkr\u00e9tne UMTS, s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ami do 384 kb\/s, HSPA do 14Mb\/s, HSPA+ do 84.4 Mb\/s . Dosah je u\u017e v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed \u2013 nieko\u013eko m\u00e1lo desiatok kilometrov. V mest\u00e1ch je u\u017e be\u017en\u00e9 chyti\u0165 LTE pripojenie (technol\u00f3gia 3.9G) s prenosov\u00fdmi r\u00fdchlos\u0165ami do 100 Mb\/s, no teoreticky a\u017e 326 Mb\/s. Technol\u00f3gia 4G m\u00e1 stanoven\u00fa hranicu 1Gb\/s pre nepohybuj\u00face sa zariadenia. Jej predstavite\u013eom je LTE Advanced s deklarovan\u00fdmi prenosov\u00fdmi r\u00fdchlos\u0165ami a\u017e 3,3Gb\/s [\u00a03<\/a>\u00a0]. Od roku 2019 sa sk\u00fa\u0161obne za\u010d\u00edna zav\u00e1dza\u0165 v niektor\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch sveta aj technol\u00f3gia\u00a05G<\/a>\u00a0s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ami 25 Mb\/s a\u017e 2Gb\/s. T\u00e1to sie\u0165 vy\u017eaduje na dosiahnutie vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch prenosov\u00fdch r\u00fdchlost\u00ed skuto\u010dne hust\u00fa sie\u0165 stan\u00edc (ant\u00e9n) a tie najvy\u0161\u0161ie r\u00fdchlosti sa daj\u00fa dosiahnu\u0165, iba ak medzi komunikuj\u00facimi zariadeniami, nie s\u00fa \u017eiadne prek\u00e1\u017eky (steny, okn\u00e1, stromy,\u2026).<\/p>\n \u0160peci\u00e1lnym typom bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9ho pripojenia je pripojenie cez satelity. Jeho hlavnou v\u00fdhodou je pripojenie aj na miestach, kde nie je ani len telef\u00f3nne pripojenie. Dosahovan\u00e9 r\u00fdchlosti s\u00fa v desiatkach Mb\/s, no ich nev\u00fdhodou je \u010das prenosu d\u00e1t, ktor\u00e9 sa musia dosta\u0165 a\u017e k satelitu a op\u00e4\u0165 na zem. V pr\u00edpade napojenia na geostacion\u00e1rny satelit je oneskorenie 280 milisek\u00fand.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Napojenie do internetu pon\u00faka v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti mnoho spolo\u010dnost\u00ed. Pri v\u00fdbere by n\u00e1s mala zauj\u00edma\u0165 okrem ceny prenosov\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165, t. j. ko\u013eko bitov za sekundu dok\u00e1\u017eeme…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=262"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":463,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262\/revisions\/463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}1.4.3\u2002 HFC (hybrid fiber coax)<\/h3>\n
1.4.4\u2002 Ethernet LAN (Local area network)<\/h3>\n
1.4.5\u2002 Bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 spojenia<\/h3>\n