{"id":553,"date":"2020-04-07T19:12:29","date_gmt":"2020-04-07T17:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/?p=553"},"modified":"2020-04-12T14:50:25","modified_gmt":"2020-04-12T12:50:25","slug":"1-pocitacove-siete-a-ich-typy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/2020\/04\/07\/1-pocitacove-siete-a-ich-typy\/","title":{"rendered":"1. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 siete a ich typy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 sie\u0165 – computer network<\/h3>\n

Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 sie\u0165<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0vznikne vo chv\u00edli, ke\u010f dvaja (niekedy sa hovor\u00ed minim\u00e1lne tri) alebo viac po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov prepoj\u00edme dohromady pomocou telekomunika\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu s cie\u013eom zdie\u013ea\u0165 zdroje.\u00a0V praxi je dnes najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ou sie\u0165 zalo\u017een\u00e1 na technol\u00f3gii\u00a0ethernet<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0a pou\u017e\u00edva protokol TCP\/IP<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 siete sa delia pod\u013ea r\u00f4znych krit\u00e9ri\u00ed.\u00a0Napr\u00edklad pod\u013ea\u00a0ve\u013ekosti<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0na PAN (Personal Area Network), LAN (Local Area Network), CAN (Campus Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) alebo WAN (Wide Area Network).\u00a0Pod\u013ea\u00a0technol\u00f3gie<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0pou\u017eitej pre spojenie zariadenia na Ethernet, WLAN, a pod. Alebo pod\u013ea\u00a0sie\u0165ovej topol\u00f3gie<\/em><\/strong> na topol\u00f3gie zbernica, hviezda, apod.<\/p>\n

Zjednodu\u0161ene m\u00f4\u017eeme po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fa sie\u0165 (ktorej ve\u013ek\u00fdm reprezentantom je napr\u00edklad internet) zobrazi\u0165 pomocou stromovej \u0161trukt\u00fary. Pekn\u00fd schematick\u00fd obr\u00e1zok i s popisom, som na\u0161iel v \u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a0The Internet: How it works<\/a> . Samozrejme skuto\u010dn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia je zlo\u017eitej\u0161ia, preto\u017ee mnoho liniek je zdvojen\u00fdch a prepojen\u00fdch na viacer\u00fdch miestach.<\/p>\n

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Local Area Network – LAN<\/h3>\n

Lok\u00e1lna po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 sie\u0165<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0sa vyzna\u010duje t\u00fdm, \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010de s\u00fa prepojen\u00e9 na men\u0161om geografickom \u00fazem\u00ed (teda v r\u00e1mci firmy, budovy, miestnosti, atp.).\u00a0V r\u00e1mci LAN sa najviac pou\u017e\u00edva prep\u00ednan\u00fd ethernet<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 alebo\u00a0WiFi<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 (IEEE802.11). Infra\u0161trukt\u00fara je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou tvoren\u00e1 metalick\u00fdmi k\u00e1blami a pr\u00edpadne optickou chrbticou.<\/p>\n

LAN m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 samostatn\u00e1 sie\u0165, ktor\u00e1 prep\u00e1ja rad zariaden\u00ed, ale v dne\u0161nej dobe je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou prepojen\u00e1 do internetu, teda WAN siete.<\/p>\n

Metropolitan area network – MAN<\/h3>\n

Sie\u0165, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja jednotliv\u00e9 LAN, ale neprekra\u010duje hranice mesta \u010di metropolitnej oblasti, sa ozna\u010duje ako\u00a0metropolitn\u00fa sie\u0165<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0– MAN.\u00a0V r\u00e1mci MAN sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 spojenie alebo optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna.<\/p>\n

MAN m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vlastnen\u00e1 jednou organiz\u00e1ciou, ale v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sa jedn\u00e1 o prepojenie nieko\u013ek\u00fdch nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch objektov.\u00a0M\u00f4\u017eeme ma\u0165 napr\u00edklad nieko\u013eko pobo\u010diek firmy v jednom meste prepojen\u00fdch do MAN siete.<\/p>\n

Predt\u00fdm sa vyu\u017e\u00edvali technol\u00f3gie ako ATM<\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0FDDI<\/em> , ale dnes s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inovo nahradzovan\u00e9 Ethernetom ozna\u010dovan\u00fdm ako\u00a0metro-ethernet<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Wide Area Network – WAN<\/h3>\n

WAN je komunika\u010dn\u00e1 sie\u0165, ktor\u00e1 pokr\u00fdva rozsiahle \u00fazemie, ako je spojenie kraj\u00edn alebo kontinentov. V\u0161eobecne m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165, \u017ee jednotliv\u00e9 LAN siete sa prep\u00e1jaj\u00fa cez WAN sie\u0165, aby sa zaistila komunik\u00e1cia na ve\u013ek\u00e9 vzdialenosti. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom pracuje internet ako najrozsiahlej\u0161ia a najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ia WAN.<\/p>\n

Najviac sa dnes asi pou\u017e\u00edva technol\u00f3gie\u00a0Frame relay<\/em>\u00a0pr\u00edpadne\u00a0ATM<\/em>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Virtual Local Area Network – VLAN<\/h3>\n

Virtu\u00e1lna LAN<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0je obdobou klasickej lok\u00e1lnej siete s t\u00fdm, \u017ee LAN z\u00e1vis\u00ed na fyzickom usporiadan\u00ed<\/em> a prepojen\u00ed, zatia\u013e\u010do VLAN vznik\u00e1\u00a0logicky<\/em>\u00a0vn\u00fatri fyzickej LAN.<\/p>\n

Wireless Local Area Network – WLAN<\/h3>\n

Bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e1 lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165<\/em><\/strong> je op\u00e4\u0165 obdobou be\u017enej LAN, ale jednotliv\u00e9 prvky nie s\u00fa fyzicky prepojen\u00e9 dr\u00f4tom (metalikou \u010di optikou), ale s\u00fa prepojen\u00e9 bezdr\u00f4tovo. Vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa r\u00e1diov\u00e9 vlny a ur\u010dit\u00e1 modul\u00e1cie pre prenos d\u00e1t.
\nV\u00fdhoda bezdr\u00f4tovej siete je jasn\u00e1 pre mobiln\u00e9 zariadenia. Nev\u00fdhodou je napr\u00edklad to, \u017ee sa zle obmedzuje \u0161\u00edrenie sign\u00e1lu, a pr\u00edpadn\u00fd \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk nemus\u00ed z\u00edska\u0165 priamo fyzick\u00fd pr\u00edstup k z\u00e1suvke, ako v pr\u00edpade dr\u00f4tov\u00fdch siet\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 sie\u0165 – computer network Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 sie\u0165\u00a0vznikne vo chv\u00edli, ke\u010f dvaja (niekedy sa hovor\u00ed minim\u00e1lne tri) alebo viac po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov prepoj\u00edme dohromady pomocou telekomunika\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu s…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=553"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":634,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553\/revisions\/634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/tech.sosthe.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}